iBeacon调研实践(二)

iBeacon调研记录(一)主要介绍了iBeacon(Bluetooth Low Energy)是什么,使用场景,API介绍及注意事项。如果看过了上篇文章,相信你对iBeacon已经有了初步了解,这篇文章主要是利用上一篇所记录的内容写一个方便监视iBeacon设备信号动态变化和修改监视区域参数的工具。

简单描述一下需求:

• 实时监测到iBeacon信号变化
• 可以方便添加/删除/修改监视的iBeacon
• 从边界进入到监视区域会通知用户 (在前台:弹出提示框 在后台:本地推送消息)
• 刚开始就在监视区域通知用户 (在前台:弹出提示框 在后台:本地推送消息)
• 同一区域不重复性提示用户

看了上面的需求,首先我们要有一个列表用来展示所有iBeacon信号变化,当进行添加/修改操作的时候,需要跳转到一个新的页面去编辑,编辑完成之后再跳回到iBeacon列表页面,页面的简单操作描述就是这样。

最终在真机下的效果:

在开撸之前,还要了解一下CLBeaconRegion和CLBeacon:

• CLBeaconRegion:用来设置监视区域的行为特征(比如:设置notifyEntryStateOnDisplay=YES),还有存放监视区域的UUID,Major,Minor等信息。
• CLBeacon:相当于我们的iBeacon设备信息,我们不仅可以从中获取到UUID,Major,Minor,还能获取到accuracy(距离),RSSI(信号强度)等信息。

开撸!

首先我们要在新建工程的info.plist文件中添加Privacy - Location When In Use Usage Description 或 Privacy - Location Always Usage Description来告诉系统我们要使用定位服务,苹果把iBeacon集成到了<CoreLocation/CoreLocation.h>框架中,由CLLocationManager来管理。

在iBeacon列表控制器,声明这三个属性:

@interface IBMBeaconViewController ()<CLLocationManagerDelegate, UITableViewDelegate, UITableViewDataSource>

// 定位管理
@property (nonatomic, strong) CLLocationManager *locationManager;
// 存放IBMBeaconItem的数组
@property (nonatomic, strong) NSMutableArray *beaconItems;
// tableView视图
@property (weak, nonatomic) IBOutlet UITableView *beaconTableView;

@end

// 在实现中利用懒加载初始化,beaconTableView是在storyboard的控件,无需代码初始化
@implementation IBMBeaconViewController

- (CLLocationManager *)locationManager {
    if (!_locationManager) {
        _locationManager = [[CLLocationManager alloc]init];
        _locationManager.delegate = self;
        // iOS8后要手动授权
        [_locationManager requestWhenInUseAuthorization];
    }
    return _locationManager;
}

- (NSMutableArray *)beaconItems {
    if (!_beaconItems) {
        _beaconItems = [NSMutableArray array];
    }
    return _beaconItems;
}

@end

beaconItems中存放的是IBMBeaconItem类的实例,IBMBeaconItem用来存放iBeacon的信息:

#import <CoreLocation/CoreLocation.h>

@interface IBMBeaconItem : NSObject<NSCoding>

// 设备的名字(identifier)
@property (strong, nonatomic, readonly) NSString *name;
@property (strong, nonatomic, readonly) NSUUID *uuid;
@property (assign, nonatomic, readonly) CLBeaconMajorValue majorValue;
@property (assign, nonatomic, readonly) CLBeaconMinorValue minorValue;
// 记录每次通知的时间
@property (nonatomic, strong) NSDate *lastNotifyDate;
// 匹配的CLBeacon
@property (nonatomic, strong) CLBeacon *beaconMatching;


- (instancetype)initWithName:(NSString *)name
                        uuid:(NSUUID *)uuid
                       major:(CLBeaconMajorValue)major
                       minor:(CLBeaconMinorValue)minor;


/**
 判断IBMBeaconItem实例的信息是否与检测到的区域相同

 @param beaconRegion CLBeaconRegion区域实例
 @return 判断结果
 */
- (BOOL)isEqualToCLBeaconRegion:(CLBeaconRegion *)beaconRegion;


/**
 判断是否需要发送通知(当前时间 - 上次通知记录的时间(lastNotifyDate) > 规定的时间  就返回YES发送通知 否则NO)

 @return 判断结果
 */
- (BOOL)shouldSendNotificaiton;


/**
 判断IBMBeaconItem实例的信息是否与检测到的设备信息相同

 @param beacon 设备实例
 @return 判断结果
 */
- (BOOL)isEqualToCLBeacon:(CLBeacon *)beacon;

@end

// 下面是实现类.m
#import "IBMBeaconItem.h"

static NSString *const ibeaconName = @"ibeaconName";
static NSString *const iBeaconUUID = @"iBeaconUUID";
static NSString *const iBeaconMajor = @"iBeaconMajor";
static NSString *const iBeaconMinor = @"iBeaconMinor";
static NSString *const iBeaconLastNotifyDate = @"iBeaconLastNotifyDate";

// 过期时间间隔,默认是10.0s (当前时间 - 上次发送通知时间 > expiredTime 就发送通知)
static const NSTimeInterval expiredTime = 10.0;

@implementation IBMBeaconItem

- (instancetype)initWithName:(NSString *)name
                        uuid:(NSUUID *)uuid
                       major:(CLBeaconMajorValue)major
                       minor:(CLBeaconMinorValue)minor
{
    self = [super init];
    
    if (self) {
        _name = name;
        _uuid = uuid;
        _majorValue = major;
        _minorValue = minor;
    }
    return self;
}

- (instancetype)initWithCoder:(NSCoder *)aDecoder {
    self = [super init];
    if (self) {
        
        _name = [aDecoder decodeObjectForKey:ibeaconName];
        _uuid = [aDecoder decodeObjectForKey:iBeaconUUID];
        _majorValue = [[aDecoder decodeObjectForKey:iBeaconMajor] unsignedIntegerValue];
        _minorValue = [[aDecoder decodeObjectForKey:iBeaconMinor] unsignedIntegerValue];
        _lastNotifyDate = [aDecoder decodeObjectForKey:iBeaconLastNotifyDate];
    }
    return self;
}

- (void)encodeWithCoder:(NSCoder *)aCoder {
    
    [aCoder encodeObject:self.name forKey:ibeaconName];
    [aCoder encodeObject:self.uuid forKey:iBeaconUUID];
    [aCoder encodeObject:@(self.majorValue) forKey:iBeaconMajor];
    [aCoder encodeObject:@(self.minorValue) forKey:iBeaconMinor];
    [aCoder encodeObject:self.lastNotifyDate forKey:iBeaconLastNotifyDate];
}

- (BOOL)isEqualToCLBeaconRegion:(CLBeaconRegion *)beaconRegion {
    
    return [self isEqualToBeaconInfo:beaconRegion];
}

- (BOOL)isEqualToBeaconInfo:(id)beaconInfo {
    if ([[[beaconInfo valueForKey:@"proximityUUID"] UUIDString] isEqualToString:[self.uuid UUIDString]] &&
        [[beaconInfo valueForKey:@"major"] isEqual: @(self.majorValue)] &&
        [[beaconInfo valueForKey:@"minor"] isEqual: @(self.minorValue)])
    {
        return YES;
    } else {
        return NO;
    }
}

- (BOOL)isEqualToCLBeacon:(CLBeacon *)beacon {
    
    return [self isEqualToBeaconInfo:beacon];
}

- (BOOL)shouldSendNotificaiton {
    
    if (self.lastNotifyDate == nil) {
        
        [self updateLastNotifyDate];
        return YES;
    }else {
        
        NSTimeInterval timeInterval = [[NSDate date] timeIntervalSinceDate:self.lastNotifyDate];
        BOOL isNeedUpdate = timeInterval > expiredTime ? YES : NO;
        
        if (isNeedUpdate) {
            
            [self updateLastNotifyDate];
            return YES;
        }else {
            
            return NO;
        }
    }
}

- (void)setLastNotifyDate:(NSDate *)lastNotifyDate {
    if (lastNotifyDate) {
        _lastNotifyDate = lastNotifyDate;
    }
}

- (void)updateLastNotifyDate {
    self.lastNotifyDate = [[NSDate alloc] initWithTimeIntervalSinceNow:0];
}

- (NSString *)description {
    NSString *descriptionStr = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"name=%@\n uuid=%@ \n majorValue=%d minorValue=%d \n lastNotifyDate=%@", _name,_uuid,_majorValue,_minorValue, _lastNotifyDate];
    return descriptionStr;
}

@end

我们不希望每次添加完iBeacon监视区域重新启动程序后添加的数据就没了,所以要做本地持久化处理,而且要在工程的任何地方都要能够访问到(如:Appdelegate中),所以创建了一个用单例初始化的类IBMBeaconItemManager来管理:

#import "IBMBeaconItem.h"

typedef void(^TraverseBeaconItemHandle)(IBMBeaconItem *item);

@interface IBMBeaconItemManager : NSObject

// 存放IBMBeaconItem对象转化成Data类型后的数组
@property (nonatomic, copy, readonly) NSArray<NSData *> *storeItemsData;
// 存放IBMBeaconItem对象的数组
@property (nonatomic, copy, readonly) NSArray<IBMBeaconItem *> *storeItems;

+ (instancetype)sharedInstanced;


/**
 同步本地数据,比如在客户端我们在做添加/删除/修改 操作的时候,要与本地的数据同步一下

 @param latestItems 要同步的数组<IBMBeaconItem *>
 */
- (void)syncStoreItemsWithLatestItems:(NSArray<IBMBeaconItem *> *)latestItems;


/**
 遍历本地存放的ItemData,把Data转化成IBMBeaconItem并每一次遍历都会把IBMBeaconItem通过TraverseBeaconItemHandle传到调用的地方,详情请看实现代码

 @param itemHandle Block
 */
- (void)TraverseStoreItemsHandle:(TraverseBeaconItemHandle)itemHandle;

@end


// IBMBeaconItemManager.m实现代码
#import "IBMBeaconItemManager.h"


// 本地存储Key值
static NSString *const beaconItemsStoreKey = @"beaconItemsStoreKey";

@implementation IBMBeaconItemManager
@synthesize storeItemsData = _storeItemsData;
@synthesize storeItems = _storeItems;

+ (instancetype)sharedInstanced {
    static IBMBeaconItemManager *manager;
    static dispatch_once_t onceToken;
    dispatch_once(&onceToken, ^{
        manager = [[self alloc]init];
    });
    return manager;
}

- (void)TraverseStoreItemsHandle:(TraverseBeaconItemHandle)itemHandle {
    if (self.storeItemsData) {
        for (NSData *itemData in _storeItemsData) {
            IBMBeaconItem *ibeaconItem = [NSKeyedUnarchiver unarchiveObjectWithData:itemData];
            itemHandle(ibeaconItem);
        }
    }
}

- (void)syncStoreItemsWithLatestItems:(NSArray<IBMBeaconItem *> *)latestItems {
    NSMutableArray *cacheItemsData = [NSMutableArray array];
    for (IBMBeaconItem *item in latestItems) {
        NSData *itemData = [NSKeyedArchiver archivedDataWithRootObject:item];
        [cacheItemsData addObject:itemData];
    }
    _storeItemsData = [cacheItemsData copy];
    _storeItems     = [latestItems copy];
    [[NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults] setObject:_storeItemsData forKey:beaconItemsStoreKey];
    [[NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults] synchronize];
    
}

- (NSArray<NSData *> *)storeItemsData {
    
    if (!_storeItemsData) {
        
        _storeItemsData = [[NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults] objectForKey:beaconItemsStoreKey];
        
    }
    return _storeItemsData;
}

- (NSArray<IBMBeaconItem *> *)storeItems {
    
    if (!_storeItems) {
        NSMutableArray *mutableStoreItems = [NSMutableArray array];
        if (self.storeItemsData) {
            for (NSData *itemData in _storeItemsData) {
                IBMBeaconItem *ibeaconItem = [NSKeyedUnarchiver unarchiveObjectWithData:itemData];
                [mutableStoreItems addObject:ibeaconItem];
            }
        }
        _storeItems = [mutableStoreItems copy];
    }
    return _storeItems;
}

@end

有了IBMBeaconItem和IBMBeaconItemManager后,进入iBeacon列表控制器,在viewDidload中调用loadIbeaconItem方法:

#pragma mark - 步骤1
- (void)loadIbeaconItem {
    // 读取本地数据
    [[IBMBeaconItemManager sharedInstanced] TraverseStoreItemsHandle:^(IBMBeaconItem *item) {
        // 每取到一个IBMBeaconItem 开始对它进行监听
        [self startMonitoringWithItem:item];
        // 添加到tableView的资源数组
        [self.beaconItems addObject:item];
    }];
}

#pragma mark - 步骤2
- (void)startMonitoringWithItem:(IBMBeaconItem *)ibeaconItem {
    
    CLBeaconRegion *beaconRegion = [self generateBeaconRegionWithItem:ibeaconItem];
    [self.locationManager startMonitoringForRegion:beaconRegion];
    [self.locationManager startRangingBeaconsInRegion:beaconRegion];
}

#pragma mark - 步骤3
- (CLBeaconRegion *)generateBeaconRegionWithItem:(IBMBeaconItem *)ibeaconItem {
    // 生成iBeacon区域实例,表示我们要监视的区域
    CLBeaconRegion *beaconRegion = [[CLBeaconRegion alloc]initWithProximityUUID:ibeaconItem.uuid
                                                         major:ibeaconItem.majorValue
                                                         minor:ibeaconItem.minorValue
                                                    identifier:ibeaconItem.name];
    // 从黑屏->亮屏 通知- (void)locationManager:didDetermineState:forRegion:代理方法
    beaconRegion.notifyEntryStateOnDisplay = YES;
    return beaconRegion;
}

这样,我们就开始对iBeacon区域开启了监视,剩下的就是我们要在Appdelegate类中去实现locationManager:didEnterRegion:,locationManager:didExitRegion:,locationManager:didDetermineState:forRegion:代理方法,为什么要写在Appdelegate类中,请看上篇文章,这里要注意一下:当我将window的rootViewController设置为iBeacon列表控制器,并把所有代理方法实现都写到iBeacon列表控制器中,关闭程序后,依然会调用到代理方法,如果iBeacon列表控制器不设置为window的rootViewController就无法调用到了。所以我们把剩下监测到iBeacon通知的逻辑写到Appdelegate类中:

@interface AppDelegate ()<CLLocationManagerDelegate, UIApplicationDelegate>
@property (nonatomic, strong) CLLocationManager *locationManager;

@end

@implementation AppDelegate

- (BOOL)application:(UIApplication *)application
didFinishLaunchingWithOptions:(NSDictionary *)launchOptions {
    
    self.locationManager.delegate = self;
    
    return YES;
}

#pragma mark - 本地通知接收
- (void)application:(UIApplication *)application
didReceiveLocalNotification:(UILocalNotification *)notification {
    [self alertMessage:notification.alertBody];
}

#pragma mark - CLLocationManagerDelegate
// 进入到iBeacon区域(会有延迟,大概30s)
- (void)locationManager:(CLLocationManager *)manager
         didEnterRegion:(CLRegion *)region {
    
    if ([region isKindOfClass:[CLBeaconRegion class]]) {
        CLBeaconRegion *beaconRegion = (CLBeaconRegion *)region;
        [self matchIbeaconRegion:beaconRegion];
    }
}

- (void)locationManager:(CLLocationManager *)manager
          didExitRegion:(CLRegion *)region {
    NSLog(@"离开iBeacon区域");
}

// requestStateForRegion:方法调用就会触发该代理方法,另外从黑屏到亮屏过程也会触发
- (void)locationManager:(CLLocationManager *)manager
      didDetermineState:(CLRegionState)state
              forRegion:(CLRegion *)region {
    
    switch (state) {
        case CLRegionStateUnknown:
        {
            NSLog(@"未知");
        }
            break;
        case CLRegionStateInside:
        {
            NSLog(@"在iBeacon区域里面");
            if ([region isKindOfClass:[CLBeaconRegion class]]) {
                CLBeaconRegion *beaconRegion = (CLBeaconRegion *)region;
                [self matchIbeaconRegion:beaconRegion];
            }
        }
            break;
        case CLRegionStateOutside:
        {
            NSLog(@"在iBeacon区域外面");
        }
            break;
    }
}

// CLBeaconRegion 来匹配与之对应的 IBMBeaconItem
- (void)matchIbeaconRegion:(CLBeaconRegion *)ibeaconRegion {
    
    NSArray<IBMBeaconItem *> * beaconItems = [IBMBeaconItemManager sharedInstanced].storeItems;
    for (IBMBeaconItem *item in beaconItems) {
        if ([item isEqualToCLBeaconRegion:ibeaconRegion]) {
            [self sendLocalNotificationWithIbeaconItem:item];
        }
    }
}

// 弹出提示框
- (void)alertMessage:(NSString *)message {
    UIAlertView *alertView = [[UIAlertView alloc]initWithTitle:@"提示" message:message delegate:nil cancelButtonTitle:@"确定" otherButtonTitles:nil];
    [alertView show];
}

// 发送本地通知(弹出框)
- (void)sendLocalNotificationWithIbeaconItem:(IBMBeaconItem *)ibeaconItem {
    
    if ([ibeaconItem shouldSendNotificaiton]) {
        
        NSString *notifyString = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"进入%@的iBeacon区域",ibeaconItem.name];
        UIApplicationState appState = [UIApplication sharedApplication].applicationState;
        switch (appState) {
            case UIApplicationStateActive: // 在前台
            {
                [self alertMessage:notifyString];
                
                break;
            }
            case UIApplicationStateBackground: // 在后台
            {
                // 通知的代码
                UILocalNotification *notice = [[UILocalNotification alloc] init];
                notice.alertBody = notifyString;
                //        notice.alertAction = @"iBeacon区域提醒";
                [[UIApplication sharedApplication] scheduleLocalNotification:notice];
                
                UIUserNotificationSettings *settings = [UIUserNotificationSettings settingsForTypes:UIUserNotificationTypeBadge | UIUserNotificationTypeSound | UIUserNotificationTypeAlert categories:nil];
                [[UIApplication sharedApplication] registerUserNotificationSettings:settings];
                break;
                
            }
             default:
                break;
        }
    }
    
}

- (CLLocationManager *)locationManager {
    if (!_locationManager) {
        _locationManager = [[CLLocationManager alloc]init];
    }
    return _locationManager;
}

@end

核心的监测代码就完成啦,剩下的展示内容,新增/修改/删除操作具体实现过程可参考Demo！